In order to evaluate the stability control effectiveness of the arched framework structure on soil cutting slopes, taking a typical high soil steep slope project on Guizhou G354 Line as an example, and combined with GNSS field monitoring and FLAC3D numerical simulation methods, the deformation response and mechanical characteristics of the arched framework under the different working conditions are systematically analyzed. Four typical disturbance conditions including self-weight, heavy rain, piled load and combined action are studied and set up, and the comparative analysis on the safety factors, horizontal displacement, principal stress and settlement laws of the slope are carried out. The results show that the arched framework can significantly improve the stability of the slope, the average safety factor can be increased by 14%, and a safety margin can be still kept more than 1.22 under extreme working conditions. The horizontal displacement is reduced by 36.1% ~ 46.2%, showing the excellent deformation control ability. The main stress concentration area shifts from the middle and upper part to the arch foot, effectively dispersing the structural load. The settlement response is reduced by 40.4%, inhibiting the compression deformation of the weak zone. Through the multi-path collaborative mechanism of "arch foot anchorage - crown pressure transfer", a complete anti-slip and load relief system of the arched framework is built under compound disturbances. The research results provide an important reference for slope protection design of mountainous soil slopes.