Excavating and unloading on one side around the bridge foundation will cause the larger stratum deformation, and the bridge foundation will bear a relatively large lateral force, which is quite unfavorable for bridge foundations that mainly bear the vertical forces. Based on the practical engineering, the numerical simulation method is used to compare and analyze the excavation methods under three different working conditions, and the rules are summarized. After the research, it is found that the use of double-row pile retaining structure can significantly reduce the impact of asymmetric excavation on bridge foundation, and the adjustment of construction process can also have a good effect. The research results can provide a reference for the design schemes of similar projects in the future.