To conduct an in-depth analysis of the carbon emissions throughout the life cycle of road asphalt concrete and scientifically formulate the carbon reduction countermeasures, taking the preparation of raw materials, production and processing, and paving construction of asphalt concrete as the research stage, the carbon emission reduction decision and analysis methods based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and emission factor method are studied and analyzed, and the characteristics and applicability of the two methods are summarized. It is proposed to adopt the countermeasures of combining the two methods. Firstly, the emission factor method is used to calculate the carbon emission and proportion of each research stage, and the main carbon reduction schemes are proposed. Then, combined with the expert scoring method, on the basis of fully collecting the expert opinions, the AHP is further used to carry out the weight analysis and the relative priority sorting of carbon emission reduction schemes in order to obtain the final decision schemes of carbon emission reduction.