According to the national strategic goal of promoting ecological civilization construction and realizing green and low-carbon development， taking 80 rural domestic sewage treatment facilities in an area of Shanghai as the research cases， the ways of data research and field experiments are used to determine the five-level evaluation system of scoring criteria and treatment effectiveness for the load rate, unit power consumption， unit chemical consumption, effluent quality up to standard rate and annual average household operation and maintenance cost from three aspects of treatment efficiency, effluent quality and cost. The evaluation result shows that the load rate of the studied object is 71.9%, the unit power consumption is 1.3 kW·h, the unit chemical consumption is 35 mg/L, the effluent quality up to standard rate is 89%, and the annual average household operation and maintenance cost is 530 yuan/household. The treatment effectiveness of the studied object is at the “good” level. However, because of its process iteration, the selection highlights the water quality. Many processes with high operation and maintenance requirements and high operation and maintenance costs are selected. Therefore, for the concept of green ecology and cost reduction and efficiency, the technical route of rural domestic sewage treatment needs to be optimized.