The anti-skid performance of pavement is greatly affected by the water environment of the pavement. The different traffic loads can also have an impact on anti-skid performance. It is meaningful to study the variation law of anti-skid performance of frozen pavement under the different equivalent axle loads. Through the real vehicle experiments in the highway traffic test site of the Ministry of Transport, the law of pavement pendulum value change, and the relationship between the thick ice layer surface temperature and the pendulum value under the different road sections, different equivalent axle load times and different ice thickness conditions are studied, and the results of the laboratory experiment and the outdoor experiment are compared. The results show that for every 1℃ increase in surface temperature of the thick ice layer, the pavement pendulum value will decrease by 0.87BPN. Due to limitations in experimental conditions, the anti-slip test data of frozen pavement under different axle loads fails to show a significant change law.