With the steady improvement of the accessibility of rural road traffic network, its traffic safety is still severe. In order to further improve the driving safety level of rural roads, firstly, the characteristics of traffic accidents on rural roads are analyzed, and the causes of accidents are systematically analyzed from the perspective of "people - vehicle - road - environment". Then, based on the results of accident analysis, the design requirements of rural road system are proposed from the perspective of road attributes. Finally, taking a rural road in a mountainous area of Guilin City as an example and combined with the accident data, the influencing factors on the traffic safety are analyzed, and the targeted improvement measures are proposed so as to adapt the construction requirements of "four-good rural roads" in the new era.