Abstracts: At present, in order to respond to the requirements of the era of green construction and industrial construction, the research on Prefabrication and assembly technology is in the ascendant, but the application research of prefabrication and assembly in water supply and drainage structures has just started. The installation accuracy is the key factor affecting the construction quality of water supply and drainage structures, which is embodied in the appearance, Sealing performance, structural strength and so on. Based on Shanghai Taihe water plant advanced treatment and reconstruction project, this study found out the main factor influencing the installation accuracy of prefabricated pool wall was large verticality deviation through the current situation investigation. Through factor analysis and main factor confirmation, three main factors leading to large verticality deviation were summarized, which were reserved reinforcement space, insufficient diagonal bracing accuracy and insufficient bolt support system strength. Through scheme comparison and selection, effective targeted measures were formulated, including adjusting reinforcement scheme, selecting special support and adjusting support system. After the implementation of the countermeasures, the effect was remarkable, the installation accuracy had been greatly improved. The installation accuracy control method adopted in this study ensures the excellent rate of the installation quality of the prefabricated pool, achieves the expected effect and provides a successful reference for the implementation of similar projects in the future.