It has been 12 years since Shanghai Yangtze River Bridge was completed and opened to traffic service in 2009. During this period, the main steel deck pavement of the bridge has been damaged to a certain extent because of heavy traffic and wet river climate. Therefore, two large-scale maintenance projects have been carried out. Based on the pavement disease conditions, maintenance schemes and scheme implementation effects, two maintaining technical schemes are compared and analyzed. The analysis results show that adaptability of steel deck paving material and structure system to the heavy traffic should be considered in the increasingly serious situation of domestic heavy traffic. At the same time, the quality of bonding system between the pavement and steel plate should be improved in order to ensure the long-term service performance of steel deck pavement system and to decrease various diseases and follow-up ordinary maintenances.