Based on Landsat 8 satellite remote sensing data and high resolution satellite remote sensing data, taking Beigu Village in Gaochun District as an example, the water system morphology in the study area is extracted and analyzed with the help of morphology, topology and other theories, including the extraction of water system boundary and centerline. Based on the remote sensing data, the inversion model of water quality data is established. The results show that the use of remote sensing data can accurately and conveniently extract the boundary and centerline of rural water system in polder area, and the vegetation index (NVDI) and water turbidity index (WSI) obtained by the quantitative inversion of water quality can accurately reflect the water quality of rural water system in polder area, which provides the important technical support for the related research of rural water system in polder area.