As a viscoelastic material, the asphalt material has the self-healing property. In order to study the significant factors affecting 70# matrix asphalt, three factors of intermittent temperature, intermittent time and damage are selected to design the orthogonal test, and a dynamic shear rheometer is used to carry out the "fatigue-healing-fatigue" test. According to the range and variance, the influence of each factor on the self-healing performance index is obtained. The results show the main factor affecting the healing performance index HI1 is the intermittent time, while the intermittent temperature and the damage degree have little influence. It is considered that the index HI1 is not appropriate to evaluate the self-healing performance of matrix asphalt. The significance ordering of the factors influencing the self-healing performance index HI2 is the intermittent temperature > intermittent time > damage degree, and with the increase of intermittent temperature and time, the self-healing degree of asphalt will be greatly improved. By considering the relationship between loading times and modulus, the self-healing index HI3" is modified. The significance HI3" ordering of each factor to the index is the damage degree > intermittent temperature > intermittent time, and with the increase of damage degree, the self-healing degree gradually decreases. The optimal combination of reflecting the good self-healing performance is 30°C intermittent temperature, 4h intermittent time and 10% damage degree.